{"id":22712,"date":"2020-07-21T19:10:44","date_gmt":"2020-07-21T17:10:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/karmaka.de\/?page_id=22712"},"modified":"2021-02-15T19:58:32","modified_gmt":"2021-02-15T18:58:32","slug":"flensburg","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/?page_id=22712","title":{"rendered":"Flensburg"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Flensburg<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Meteorite fall (C1-ung, 24.5 g, W0) in Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany on 12 September 2019 at ~14:49:48 CEST (~ 12:49:48 UTC )<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The intact meteorite on 27 September 2019. Photo: Carsten Jonas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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On 15 September Erik Due-Hansen from Flensburg (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) who reported his extraordinary find to the International Meteor Organization (IMO) website and sent four photos of the meteorite to Mike Hankey of the American Meteor Society (AMS) who then contacted the DLR and the German Arbeitskreis Meteore e.V. (AKM). While removing toys and other objects from the lawn before mowing it at around 11 a.m. on 13 September he found the table tennis ball-sized meteorite weighing 24.5 grams (~3.7 x ~3.5 cm, 1.984 g\/cm\u00b3) by accident at location 54\u00b045.6873\u2019N, 9\u00b022.7353\u2019E<\/a> (or 54\u00b045’41.2″N 9\u00b022’44.3″E<\/a> ) in the centre of the garden of his house in the south-west of Flensburg on 13 September. Being interested in astronomy he immediately suspected that this unusually black and lightweight stone lying on top of his lawn was something special and must have fallen from the sky. He waited a few days, showed the meteorite to his father in Denmark and some friends, who also touched it, and then did some research on the internet and used a strong magnet on the meteorite. The meteorite had been exposed to some light rain and an elevated air humidity during the about 20 hours between its fall and the moment it was found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Ja, ich kam in den Garten um Rasen zu m\u00e4hen und da lag es in der Mitten von meine Rasen, eine schwarze Stein, so eine drei Zentimeter gro\u00dfe Stein, so mit kleine Risse drinne, verh\u00e4ltnism\u00e4\u00dfig leichte Stein und es lag ja oben auf’m Rasen und das war ja ‘n biss’n merkw\u00fcrdig f\u00fcr einen Stein, dass es oben drauf auf die Rasen liegt und deswegen habe ich ja den Verdacht, dass es etwas vom Himmel gekommen war.<\/em>” (Erik Due-Hansen)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[“I came into the garden to mow the lawn and there it lay in the middle of my lawn. A black stone, a three centimetre big stone with some small cracks in it, relatively light. And it lay on top of the lawn. And this was a bit unusual for a stone, to lie on top of the lawn. And because of that I suspected it had fallen from the sky.” (Erik Due-Hansen) ]\n\n\n\n

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AKM members Carsten Jonas (53) and Laura Kranich (28) contacted and visited Due-Hansen on 27 September 2019. After interviewing him about the find and taking photos of the meteorite they convinced him to have the meteorite sent to Dieter Heinlein to be thoroughly analysed. AKM’s Mike Hankey, Andreas M\u00f6ller, Felix Bettonvil, Laura Kranich and Carsten Jonas as well as Jim Goodall calculated the luminous trajectory and potential strewn field with slightly different results. From mid-September AKM’s Laura Kranich, Carsten Jonas, Sirko Molau, J\u00f6rg Strunk and other AKM members searched the vast calculated strewn field but could not find any other meteorites. At the IMC meeting in Bollmannsruhe on 6 October 2019 some information including a photo of the meteorite were made public during a presentation by AKM’s Sirko Molau. Dieter Heinlein meanwhile initiated the necessary scientific analyses which included measuring short-lived radio isotopes with Gamma spectrometry for two and a half weeks at the Dresden Felsenkeller shallow-underground accelerator laboratory (VKTA) to determine the meteorite’s terrestrial age and thus establish a connection to the bolide event of 12 September. The density of the meteorite was measured to be about 1.984 g\/cm\u00b3. According to information provided by Dieter Heinlein the short-lived radio isotope analysis confirmed a very low terrestrial age and thus a connection to the bolide event above Schleswig-Holstein on 12 September 2019 (AMS event 4385-2019<\/a>). A high resolution 3D-CT-scan of the meteorite has been done by Dr. Jose Ricardo da Assuncao Godinho at the Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology (HIF) to avoid further destructive analysis methods on the only find of this rare meteorite fall so far. According to the results of a very difficult trajectory analysis by Dr. Ji\u0159\u00ed Borovi\u010dka and Dr. Pavel Spurny of the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic the bolide had an atmospheric entry speed of almost 20 km\/h at a slope of ~13 degrees to the horizontal. The luminous trail ended at a height of about 35 kilometres above the ground. Borovi\u010dka suspects that “the fireball did not penetrated much deeper”. According to him “there may be a meteorite or several meteorites on the ground, but only small ones, several tens of grams at most for the largest one.” These analysis data make the actual meteorite find in Flensburg even more extraordinary. On 11 November 2019 the meteorite was sent to Prof. Dr. Addi Bischoff and doctoral student Markus Patzek for classification at the Institut f\u00fcr Planetologie at the University of M\u00fcnster. The classification results were published on 5 February 2020 when the meteorite was officially registered as witnessed fall with the name FLENSBURG<\/strong><\/a> in the Meteoritical Bulletin database (MB 109). The meteorite’s main mass (17.03 grams) and classification specimen (6.54 grams) have been curated at the Institut f\u00fcr Planetologie (IfP) of the Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t in M\u00fcnster (WWU) since 8 January 2020 after the main mass had been bought by the WWU. About 20 research institutes in Germany, France, Switzerland, the UK, the USA, Australia and Hungary have been working on the meteorite. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Radio isotopes have been measured with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) by Dr. Silke Merchel at the HZDR (Institut f\u00fcr Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung). So far a low concentration of four radio nuclides has been measured: 10Be and 26Al at the HZDR and 41Ca and 60Fe at the Australian National University (ANU). The results for 10Be and 26Al are reported to hint at an extremely low cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) age of the Flensburg meteorite, about 5000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3D X-ray Computed Tomography<\/strong> scan of the Flensburg meteorite <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Dr. J. R. A. Godinho \/ Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf <\/strong>HZDR<\/a> <\/strong>(Helmholtz-Institut Freiberg f\u00fcr Ressourcentechnologie, HIF), 28 April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The virtual three-dimensional model with a resolution of twelve micrometres (\u03bcm) shows density variations within the meteorite. Copyright: J. R. A. Godinho \/ HZDR<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trajectory and orbit of the unique carbonaceous meteorite Flensburg<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ji\u0159\u00ed Borovi\u010dka, Felix Bettonvil, Gerd Baumgarten, J\u00f6rg Strunk, Mike Hankey, Pavel Spurn\u00fd, Dieter Heinlein<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meteoritics & Planetary Science (MAPS), 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Update (9 February 2021): LINK<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The old, unique C1 chondrite Flensburg \u2013 insight into the first processes of aqueous alteration, brecciation, and the diversity of water-bearing parent bodies and lithologies<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Addi Bischoff, Conel M. O’D Alexander, Jean-Alix Barrat, Christoph Burkhardt, Henner Busemann, Detlev Degering, Tommaso Di Rocco, Meike Fischer, Thomas Fockenberg, Dionysis I. Foustoukos J\u00e9r\u00f4me Gattacceca, Jose R. A. Godinho, Dennis Harries, Dieter Heinlein, Jan L. Hellmann, Norbert Hertkorn, Anja Holm, A.J. Timothy Jull, Imene Kerraouch, Ashley J. King, Thorsten Kleine, Dominik Koll, Johannes Lachner, Thomas Ludwig, Silke Merchel, Cornelia A. K. Mertens, Pr\u00e9cillia Morino, Wladimir Neumann, Andreas Pack, Markus Patzek, Stefan Pavetich, Maximilian P. Reitze, Miriam R\u00fcfenacht, Georg Rugel, Charlotte Schmidt, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Maria Sch\u00f6nb\u00e4chler, Mario Trieloff, Anton Wallner, Karl Wimmer, Elias W\u00f6lfer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, In Press, Journal Pre-proof, Available online 24 October 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The Flensburg (C1-Ungrouped) 2019 Meteorite Fall: Raman Spectroscopy and Compilation of Magnetic Susceptibility Data on C \u2014 Ungrouped Falls\/Finds<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoffmann V. H., Wimmer K., Kaliwoda M., Schmahl W., Schmitt-Kopplin P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2021), Abstract #2443<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Occurrence of the Sodium Carbonate Shortite in the Flensburg C1 Chondrite<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D. Harries<\/p>\n\n\n\n

52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2021), Abstract #1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Meteoritical Bulletin 109 entry:<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Petrography<\/strong>: (M. Patzek and A. Bischoff, IfP<\/em>): Rounded to ellipsoidal relict chondrules (0.05 to ~1 mm in apparent diameter) and clusters of sulfide and magnetite grains are set in a dark, fine-grained matrix. The most abundant phases are different phyllosilicates and S-bearing phase(s) (probably tochinilite). The relict chondrules are free of any anhydrous silicates (such as olivine and pyroxene), contain abundant phyllosilicates and carbonates, and are often surrounded by sulfide laths. Troilite, pyrrhotite, and pentlandite were identified as sulfides. Carbonates occur as calcites, Mn-bearing dolomites, and a Na-rich phase. The mean apparent size of altered chondrules is ~150 \u00b5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geochemistry<\/strong>: (M. Patzek and A. Bischoff, IfP<\/em>):\n No olivine and pyroxene could be identified and analyzed. Defocused \nbeam microprobe analyses (n = 135) revealed a bulk composition (in wt%) \nof: O: 32.0; Na: 0.29; Mg: 10.7; Al: 1.04; Si: 11.7; K: 0.04; P: 0.12; \nS: 2.04; Ca: 1.15; Fe: 16.0; Co: 0.03; Ti: 0.05; Cr: 0.25; Mn: 0.15; Ni:\n 0.85; Total: 76.3. O-isotopes (A. Pack; UG\u00f6tt<\/em>): The oxygen isotope compositions of three analyzed fragments of Flensburg are: \u03b417<\/sup>O = 0.0806; -0.73023; -0.57844 \u2030 and \u03b418<\/sup>O = 5.3032; 3.0272; 3.2993 \u2030, \u039417<\/sup>O = -2.677; -2.304; -2.294 \u2030 (relative to a reference line with a slope of 0.5305). The data are within the 16<\/sup>O-rich part of the field for CM chondrites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Classification<\/strong>: Carbonaceous \nchondrite (C1-ung, W0). This meteorite is distinct from CM chondrites \nfor the following reasons: chondrule apparent size (150 \u00b5m) is \nsignificantly different from that in CM chondrites (~270 \u00b5m), an \nheavily-altered CM would have a \u03b418<\/sup>O-rich composition \ncompared to CM2 chondrites, Zn abundance (120 ppm) is too low for a CM \n(200 ppm without significant variations).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Specimens<\/strong>: Type specimen and PTS at IfP<\/em>; the main mass is also at IfP<\/em>.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The meteorite<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The meteorite shows a very fresh black and brown fusion crust with contraction cracks. Some patches of the lithology which lost their primary fusion crust are covered with an ochre-coloured thin layer of secondary fusion crust, which they probably acquired during the last stage of the atmospheric trajectory after fragmentation and a partial loss of primary fusion crust. Furthermore, there seem to be slight marks of a collision with another object or a hard surface. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The intact meteorite on 27 September 2019. Photo: Carsten Jonas <\/p>\n\n\n