{"id":30775,"date":"2022-06-22T14:15:39","date_gmt":"2022-06-22T12:15:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/?p=30775"},"modified":"2022-06-22T14:15:40","modified_gmt":"2022-06-22T12:15:40","slug":"campo-del-cielo-modeling-and-comparison-with-observations-i-atmospheric-entry-of-the-iron-meteoroid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/?p=30775","title":{"rendered":"Campo del Cielo modeling and comparison with observations: I. Atmospheric entry of the iron meteoroid<span class=\"badge-status\" style=\"background:#787878\">OPEN ACCESS<\/span>&nbsp;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A. Schmalen, R. Luther, N. Artemieva<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MAPS<br>Version of Record online: 21 June 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/maps.13832\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>LINK<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"justify-text\">&#8220;This paper presents an attempt to reconstruct the Campo del Cielo (CdC) impact event, that is, to estimate the preatmospheric mass and velocity of the iron meteoroid and pre-impact parameters of its fragments allowing formation of funnels and impact craters. The goal of this study is to improve the understanding of the effects small-scale iron meteoroids can have on the Earth&#8217;s surface. We model the meteoroid&#8217;s atmospheric flight taking deceleration, ablation, and fragmentation into account, and then compare the results with available observations. We found that a fragment&#8217;s velocity near the surface should be &lt;1\u2009km\u2009s\u22121 in order to form a funnel with an intact meteorite inside. The estimates of preatmospheric (at an altitude of 100\u2009km) parameters of the CdC impact event are as follows: minimal mass of 7500\u20138500\u2009t, which corresponds to a diameter range of 12.2\u201312.8\u2009m; maximum entry angle above the atmosphere of ~16.5\u00b0 and velocities of 14.5\u201318.4\u2009\u2009km\u2009s\u22121, which is close to the one most frequently reached by near-Earth objects (NEOs). Near the surface, the largest fragments with a mass of 400\u20131500\u2009t and velocities of 4\u20137\u2009km\u2009s\u22121 form impact craters whereas fragments with a mass &lt;31\u2009t and velocities &lt;1\u2009km\u2009s\u22121 form funnels. Masses &lt;3\u2009t are not included in our simulations. Their total mass is 280\u2013460\u2009t at the point of disruption but &lt;110\u2009t on the Earth&#8217;s surface. These numerous small fragments are dispersed over a large area and are very popular among meteorite hunters and dealers. In spite of all the observed crater location\/size data and impactor velocity limits from the models, there are far more free parameters than constraints. As a result, any values for preatmospheric mass, velocity, and entry angle are merely representative or limitative as opposed to true values.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A. Schmalen, R. Luther, N. Artemieva MAPSVersion of Record online: 21 June 2022 LINK &#8220;This paper presents an attempt to reconstruct the Campo del Cielo (CdC) impact event, that is, to estimate the preatmospheric mass&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[371,214,96,8],"tags":[871,869,880,377,1874,3683],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30775"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30775"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30775\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30778,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30775\/revisions\/30778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}