{"id":41561,"date":"2026-04-30T17:39:26","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T15:39:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/?p=41561"},"modified":"2026-04-30T17:39:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T15:39:27","slug":"experimental-study-on-water-delivery-to-target-surfaces-by-hydrated-projectile-impacts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/?p=41561","title":{"rendered":"Experimental study on water delivery to target surfaces by hydrated projectile impacts<span class=\"badge-status\" style=\"background:#787878\">OPEN ACCESS<\/span>&nbsp;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Koske Matsubara, Yukari Yamaguchi, Akiko M. Nakamura, Sunao Hasegawa, Takafumi Niihara, Takehiko Wada<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Icarus<br>Available online 30 April 2026, 117135<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0019103526002010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>LINK + PDF (OPEN ACCESS)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Highlights<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Hypervelocity impact experiments using hydrated projectiles were conducted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Changes in the projectile hydration were analyzed using reflectance spectra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Projectile material adhering to crater surfaces contains molecular water.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hydrated impactors may deliver molecular water to main-belt asteroid surfaces.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"justify-text\">&#8220;The presence of water on the Moon and on asteroids that are thought to be poor in water, either because they formed inside the snow line or because they lost much of their water during differentiation, has been suggested by multiple studies; however, its form and origin remain unclear. In this study, we conducted hypervelocity impact experiments between serpentinite projectiles and steel targets. Serpentinite contains hydroxyl and simulates hydrated impactors such as primitive asteroids. The effects of impact velocity and angle on the survival and form of water delivered to the target surface were investigated using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and microscopic Raman spectroscopy. Reflectance spectra of projectile materials adhered to the crater surfaces suggested that, in all head-on impact experiments with velocities of 3\u20137\u202fkm\u202fs\u22121, hydroxyl pre-existing in the projectile was almost completely lost. The spectra also showed olivine absorption features at shock pressures exceeding ~80\u202fGPa, and the olivine Raman peaks became narrower at higher impact velocities. Based on the comparisons with results from impact experiments with anhydrous projectiles, it is suggested that molecular water can be trapped in the melt at shock pressures below ~100\u202fGPa. In contrast, in the oblique impact experiments conducted in this study, decomposition of projectile material was suppressed, and hydroxyl was detected in crater samples. The current results, along with comparisons to impact velocities of asteroids in the main belt and on the Moon, suggest that molecular water derived from hydrated impactors can be detectable through spectroscopic observations.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Koske Matsubara, Yukari Yamaguchi, Akiko M. Nakamura, Sunao Hasegawa, Takafumi Niihara, Takehiko Wada IcarusAvailable online 30 April 2026, 117135 LINK + PDF (OPEN ACCESS) &#8220;Highlights &#8220;The presence of water on the Moon and on asteroids&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,115,1184,81],"tags":[1854,1416,1497,2888,1857,1460,264,293,1855],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41561"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=41561"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41562,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41561\/revisions\/41562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=41561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=41561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karmaka.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=41561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}