The Nature of Low-albedo Small Bodies from 3μm Spectroscopy: One Group that Formed within the Ammonia Snow Line and One that Formed beyond ItOPEN ACCESS 

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Andrew S. Rivkin, Joshua P. Emery, Ellen S. Howell, Theodore Kareta, John W. Noonan, Matthew Richardson, Benjamin N. L. Sharkey, Amanda A. Sickafoose, Laura M. Woodney, Richard J. Cartwright, Sean Lindsay and Lucas T. Mcclure

The Planetary Science Journal, Volume 3, Number 7

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“We present evidence, via a large survey of 191 new spectra along with previously published spectra, of a divide in the 3μm spectral properties of the low-albedo asteroid population. One group (“sharp types,” or STs, with band centers <3μm) has a spectral shape consistent with carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, while the other group (“not sharp types,” or NSTs, with bands centered >3μm) is not represented in the meteorite literature but is as abundant as the STs among large objects. Both groups are present in most low-albedo asteroid taxonomic classes, and, except in limited cases, taxonomic classifications based on 0.5–2.5μm data alone cannot predict whether an asteroid is an ST or NST. Statistical tests show that the STs and NSTs differ in average band depth, semimajor axis, and perihelion at confidence levels ≥98% while not showing significant differences in albedo. We also show that many NSTs have a 3μm absorption band shape like comet 67P and likely represent an important small-body composition throughout the solar system. A simple explanation for the origin of these groups is formation on opposite sides of the ammonia snow line, with the NST group accreting H2O and NH3and the ST group only accreting H2O, with subsequent thermal and chemical evolution resulting in the minerals seen today. Such an explanation is consistent with recent dynamical modeling of planetesimal formation and delivery and suggests that much more outer solar system material was delivered to the main asteroid belt than would be thought based on the number of D-class asteroids found today.”

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