3I/ATLAS: In Search of the Witnesses to Its VoyageOPEN ACCESS 

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X. Pérez-Couto, S. Torres, E. Villaver, A. J. Mustill, M. Manteiga Submitted to ApJL, draft version September 10, 2025 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “3I/ATLAS is the third interstellar object discovered to date, following 1I/’Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov….

Extreme Negative Polarisation of New Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLASOPEN ACCESS 

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Zuri Gray, Stefano Bagnulo, Galin Borisov, Yuna G. Kwon, Alberto Cellino, Ludmilla Kolokolova, Rosemary C. Dorsey, Grigori Fedorets, Mikael Granvik, Eric MacLennan, Olga Muñoz, Philippe Bendjoya, Maxime Devogèle, Simone Ieva, Antti Penttilä, Karri Muinonen submitted…

Simultaneous visible spectrophotometry of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS with Seimei/TriCCSOPEN ACCESS 

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Jin Beniyama accepted for publication in PASJ Letter. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in “Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan” following peer review. PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “3I/ATLAS,…

Spectral Characteristics of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS from SOAR ObservationsOPEN ACCESS 

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Thomas H. Puzia, Rohan Rahatgaonkar, Juan Pablo Carvajal, Prasanta K. Nayak, Baltasar Luco revised and resubmitted to ApJL, draft version August 6, 2025 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “Interstellar objects (ISOs) provide unique insights into the building…

Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Interstellar Interloper 3I/ATLASOPEN ACCESS 

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David Jewitt, Man-To Hui, Max Mutchler, Yoonyoung Kim, Jessica Agarwal August 4, 2025 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “We present high angular resolution observations of the third known interstellar interloper, 3I/ATLAS, from the Hubble Space Telescope. The…

Pre-discovery TESS Observations of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLASOPEN ACCESS 

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Jorge Martinez-Palomera, Amy Tuson, Christina Hedges, Jessie Dotson, Thomas Barclay, Brian Powell Submitted to AAS (Aug 1, 2025), draft version: August 5, 2025 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) Update (27 November 2025): LINK (The Astrophysical Journal Letters,…

Temporal Evolution of the Third Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS: Spin, Color, Spectra and Dust ActivityOPEN ACCESS 

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T. Santana-Ros, O. Ivanova, S. Mykhailova, N. Erasmus, K. Kamiński, D. Oszkiewicz, T. Kwiatkowski, M. Husárik, T.S. Ngwane, A. Penttilä Astronomy & Astrophysics, Letter to the Editor, manuscript, August 4, 2025 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “We…

Precovery Observations of 3I/ATLAS from TESS Suggests Possible Distant ActivityOPEN ACCESS 

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Adina D. Feinstein, John W. Noonan, Darryl Z. Seligman submitted to AAS Journals, draft version: July 30, 2025Data behind the figures can be found here PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “3I/ATLAS is the third macroscopic interstellar object…

The Feasibility of a Spacecraft Flyby with the Third Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS from Earth or MarsOPEN ACCESS 

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Atsuhiro Yaginuma, Tessa Frincke, Darryl Z. Seligman, Kathleen Mandt, Daniella N. DellaGiustina, Eloy Peña-Asensio, Aster G. Taylor, Michael C. Nolan Submitted to AAS Journals, draft version July 22, 2025 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “We investigate the…

Spectroscopic Characterization of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS: Water Ice in the ComaOPEN ACCESS 

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Bin Yang, Karen J. Meech, Michael Connelley, Jacqueline V. Keane submitted to ApJL PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “We present optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS, obtained with Gemini-S/GMOS and NASA IRTF/SpeX on 2025…

SF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory Observations of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS (C/2025 N1)OPEN ACCESS 

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Colin Orion Chandler, Pedro H. Bernardinelli, Mario Jurić, Devanshi Singh, Henry H. Hsieh, Ian Sullivan, R. Lynne Jones,Jacob A. Kurlander, Dmitrii Vavilov, Siegfried Eggl, Matthew Holman, Federica Spoto, Megan E. Schwamb, Eric J. Christensen, Wilson…

Assessing interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin TelescopeOPEN ACCESS 

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R. de la Fuente Marcos, J. Licandro, M. R. Alarcon, M Serra-Ricart, J. de Leon, C. de la Fuente Marcos, G. Lombardi, A. Tejero, A. Cabrera-Lavers, S. Guerra Arencibia, I. Ruiz Cejudo Submitted to A&A…

Near-Discovery Observations of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS with the NASA Infrared Telescope FacilityOPEN ACCESS 

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Theodore Kareta (Villanova U.), Chansey Champagne (NAU), Lucas McClure (NAU), Joshua Emery (NAU), Benjamin N.L. Sharkey (UMD), James M. Bauer (UMD), Michael Connelly (UH/IRTF), John Rayner (UH/IRTF), Cristina Thomas (NAU), Vishnu Reddy (UAz), Megan Firgard…

Palomar and Apache Point Spectrophotometry of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLASOPEN ACCESS 

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Matthew Belyakov, Christoffer Fremling, Matthew J. Graham, Bryce T. Bolin, Mukremin Kilic, Gracyn Jewett, Carey M. Lisse, Carl Ingebretsen, M. Ryleigh Davis, Ian Wong Submitted to RNAAS, draft version July 17, 2025 PDF (OPEN ACCESS)…

The Kinematic Age of 3I/ATLAS and its Implications for Early Planet FormationOPEN ACCESS 

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Aster G. Taylor, Darryl Z. Seligman Submitted to ApJL, draft version July 14, 2025 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) Update (28 August 2025): The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 990, Number 1 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “The recent discovery…

X-SHOOTER Spectrum of Comet C/2025 N1: Insights into a Distant Interstellar VisitorOPEN ACCESS 

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A. Alvarez-Candal, J. L. Rizos, L. M. Lara, P. Santos-Sanz, P. J. Gutierrez, J. L. Ortiz, N. Morales, J. de León Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript, submitted as Letter to the Editor PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “Comets…

From a Different Star: 3I/ATLAS in the context of the Ōtautahi-Oxford interstellar object population modelOPEN ACCESS 

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Matthew J. Hopkins, Rosemary C. Dorsey, John C. Forbes, Michele T. Bannister, Chris J. Lintott, Brayden Leicester Submitted to ApJ Letters, Draft version July 9, 2025 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) Update (1 September 2025): The Astrophysical…

A portrait throughout perihelion of the NH2-rich interstellar comet 2I/BorisovOPEN ACCESS 

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Sophie E. Deam, Michele T. Bannister, Cyrielle Opitom, Matthew M. Knight, Ryan Ridden-Harper, Darryl Z. Seligman, Alan Fitzsimmons, Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Emmanuel Jehin, Laurent Jorda, Michael Marsset, Youssef Moulane, Philippe Rousselot, Pierre Vernazza, Bin Yang Submitted…

Discovery and Preliminary Characterization of a Third Interstellar Object: 3I/ATLASOPEN ACCESS 

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Darryl Z. Seligman, Marco Micheli, Davide Farnocchia, Larry Denneau,John W. Noonan, Henry H. Hsieh, Toni Santana-Ros, John Tonry, Katie Auchettl, Luca Conversi, Maxime Devogèle, Laura Faggioli, Adina D. Feinstein, Marco Fenucci, Marin Ferrais, Tessa Frincke,…

Snapshot of a new interstellar comet: 3I/ATLAS has a red and featureless spectrumOPEN ACCESS 

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Cyrielle Opitom, Colin Snodgrass, Emmanuel Jehin, Michele T. Bannister, Erica Bufanda, Sophie E. Deam, Rosemary Dorsey, Marin Ferrais, Said Hmiddouch, Matthew M. Knight, Rosita Kokotanekova, Brayden Leicester, Michaël Marsset, Brian Murphy, Vincent Okoth, Ryan Ridden-Harper,…

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS: discovery and physical descriptionOPEN ACCESS 

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Bryce T. Bolin, Matthew Belyakov, Christoffer Fremling, Matthew J. Graham, Candace L. Gray, Carl Ingebretsen, Gracyn Jewett, Mukremin Kilic, Carey M. Lisse, Diana Roderick, Ahmed. M. Abdelaziz, Laura-May Abron, Michael W. Coughlin, Eslam Elhosseiny, Cheng-Han…

Discovery of Spherules of Likely Extrasolar Composition in the Pacific Ocean Site of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) BolideOPEN ACCESS 

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Abraham Loeb, Toby Adamson, Sophie Bergstrom, Richard Cloete, Shai Cohen, Kevin Conrad, Laura Domine, Hairuo Fu, Charles Hoskinson, Eugenia Hyung, Stein Jacobsen, Mike Kelly, Jason Kohn, Edwin Lard, Sebastian Lam, Frank Laukien, Jim Lem, Rob…

On the Proposed Interstellar Origin of the USG 20140108 FireballOPEN ACCESS 

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Peter G. Brown, Jiří Borovička Accepted for publication in ApJ PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “A critical review of the evidence for the interstellar origin for the USG 20140108 fireball is presented. Examining USG fireball velocities where…

Interstellar ObjectsOPEN ACCESS 

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Darryl Z. Seligman, Amaya Moro-Martín invited review for Contemporary Physics, comments welcome PDF (OPEN ACCESS) Since 2017, two macroscopic interstellar objects have been discovered in the inner Solar System, both of which are distinct in…

Localizing The First Interstellar Meteor With Seismometer DataOPEN ACCESS 

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Amir Siraj, Abraham Loeb submitted for publication PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “The first meter-scale interstellar meteor (IM1) was detected by US government sensors in 2014, identified as an interstellar object candidate in 2019, and confirmed by…

The Finnish Hyperbolic Grazing Meteor: Are Interstellar Earth Impactors Biased?

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Peña-Asensio E.* Trigo-Rodríguez J. M. Socas-Navarro H. Visuri J. Gritsevich M. Siljama M. 54th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2023 abstract [#1486] We report a hyperbolic meteor that shares statistical anomalies with CNEOS interstellar candidates, which may unveil an unknown source of…

Expected Fragment Distribution from the First Interstellar Meteor CNEOS 2014-01-08OPEN ACCESS 

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Amory Tillinghast-Raby, Abraham Loeb, Amir Siraj Draft version December 5, 2022 LINK (OPEN ACCESS) “The fireball of the first interstellar meteor, CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) (Siraj & Loeb 2019), was detected off the northern coast of…

Physical Considerations for an Intercept Mission to a 1I/’Oumuamua-like Interstellar ObjectOPEN ACCESS 

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Amir Siraj, Abraham Loeb, Amaya Moro-Martin, Mark Elowitz, Abigail White, Wesley Watters, Gary Melnick, Richard Cloete, Jonathan Grindlay, Frank Laukien accepted for publication in Journal of Astronomical InstrumentationDraft version November 7, 2022 PDF (OPEN ACCESS)…

Hyperbolic meteors: is CNEOS 2014-01-08 interstellar?OPEN ACCESS 

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J. Vaubaillon published in WGN, the Journal of the IMO PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “In 2019 a claim was made that the CNEOS 2014-01-08 meteor is interstellar. However, apparent interstellar meteors have been detected for decades….

Interstellar Object Accessibility and Mission DesignOPEN ACCESS 

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Benjamin P. S. Donitz, Declan Mages, Hiroyasu Tsukamoto, Peter Dixon, Damon Landau, Soon-Jo Chung, Erica Bufanda, Michel Ingham, Julie Castillo-Rogez Accepted at IEEE Aerospace Conference LINK (OPEN ACCESS) “Interstellar objects (ISOs) are fascinating and under-explored…

Interstellar Meteors are Outliers in Material StrengthOPEN ACCESS 

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Amir Siraj, Abraham Loeb submitted for publication in ApJL PDF (OPEN ACCESS) Update (16 December 2022): LINK (OPEN ACCESS), PDF (OPEN ACCESS)The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 941, Number 2 “The first interstellar meteor larger than…

An Ocean Expedition by the Galileo Project to Retrieve Fragments of the First Large Interstellar Meteor CNEOS 2014-01-08OPEN ACCESS 

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Amir Siraj, Abraham Loeb, Tim Gallaudet submitted to the Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation. text overlap with arXiv:2204.08482 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “The earliest confirmed interstellar object, `Oumuamua, was discovered in the Solar System by Pan-STARRS in…

A Meteor of Apparent Interstellar Origin in the CNEOS Fireball CatalogOPEN ACCESS (16 April 2019 draft was updated on 19 April 2022, publ. 2 November 2022) 

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Amir Siraj, Abraham Loeb Update (2 November 2022): The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 939, Number 1Published: 2 November 2022 LINK (OPEN ACCESS)PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “The earliest confirmed interstellar object, ‘Oumuamua, was discovered in the solar system…

New Constraints on the Composition and Initial Speed of CNEOS 2014-01-08

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Amir Siraj, Abraham Loeb accepted for publication in RNAASSubmitted on 18 April 2022 PDF (OPEN ACCESS) “We study the newly released light curve from the fireball of the first interstellar meteor CNEOS 2014-01-08. The measured…

Sending a Spacecraft to Interstellar Comet 2I/BorisovOPEN ACCESS 

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Adam Hibberd, Nikolaos Perakis, Andreas M. Hein PDF (OPEN ACCESS) Preprint submitted to Acta AstronauticaSubmitted on 13 Sep 2019 (v1), last revised 4 Nov 2021 (this version, v3) “In August 2019, a second interstellar object…

Interstellar Now! Missions to Explore Nearby Interstellar Objects

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Andreas M. Hein, T. Marshall Eubanks, Manasvi Lingam, Adam Hibberd, Dan Fries, Jean Schneider, Pierre Kervella, Robert Kennedy, Nikolaos Perakis, Bernd Dachwald Advances in Space ResearchAvailable online 7 July 2021 LINK “The recently discovered first…

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