Stellar Interpretation of Meteoritic Data and Plotting for Everyone (SIMPLE): Isotope Mixing Lines for Six Sets of Core-collapse Supernova ModelsOPEN ACCESS 

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Marco Pignatari, Mattias Ek, Georgy V. Makhatadze, Gábor G. Balázs, Lorenzo Roberti, James M. Ball, Borbála Cseh, Alessandro Chieffi, Chris Fryer, Falk Herwig

The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 1007, Number 2, published: 14 August 2026

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“Bulk meteorites and their inclusions exhibit, for many chemical elements, isotopic variability produced by nucleosynthetic events in stars and supernovae before the formation of the Sun. While the exact astrophysical origins of these variations are still a matter of debate, their identification provides insights into the environment of the Sun’s birth and the formation of the solar system. Here, we present a new Python tool called Stellar Interpretation of Meteoritic Data and Plotting for Everyone (SIMPLE) designed to compare the isotopic composition of the ejecta from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) with meteoritic data. In the present version, the SIMPLE toolkit includes a dataset of 18 CCSN models from six different published sets, with initial masses of 15, 20, and 25 M⊙ and solar metallicity. SIMPLE is designed to easily extract the isotopic abundances predicted by each CCSN model for any elements and postprocess them into the format needed to compare to the meteoritic data, therefore facilitating their interpretation. As an example of how to use SIMPLE, we analyze the composition of the Ni isotopes in the 18 models and confirm that bulk meteorite Ni anomalies are compatible with material from the innermost Si-rich region of CCSN ejecta. Designed as a collaborative platform, SIMPLE is open source and welcomes community contributions to enhance its development and dissemination for stellar nucleosynthesis and meteoritic studies. Future enhancements include the addition of more model predictions and the inclusion of mixing between different layers of supernova ejecta.”

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